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The purpose of this volume is to trace the development of the
theoretical understanding of quark-gluon plasma, both in terms of
the
equation of state and thermal correlation functions and in terms
of
its manifestation in high energy nuclear collisions. Who among us
has
not wondered how tall a mountain is on a neutron star, what
happens
when matter is heated and compressed to higher and higher
densities,
what happens when an object falls into a black hole, or what
happened
eons ago in the early universe? The study of quark-gluon plasma is
related in one way or another to these and other thought provoking
questions. Oftentimes the most eloquent exposition is given in
the
original papers. To this end a selection is made of what are
the
most important pioneering papers in this field. The early 1950s
was
an era when high energy multiparticle production in cosmic
ray
interactions attracted the attention of some of the brightest minds
in physics, and so it should be no surprise that the first
reprinted
papers deal with the introduction of statistical models of
particle
production. The quark model arose in the 1960s, while QCD as
such
was recognized as the theory of the strong interactions in
the
1970's. The behavior of matter at high temperatures and
supranuclear
densities became of wide interest in the nuclear and particle
physics
communities starting in the 1970s, which is when the concept
of
quark-gluon plasma became established. The history of the field
has
been traced up to the early 1990s. There are three reasons
for
stopping at that point in time. First, most of the key
theoretical
concepts and formalisms arose before 1993, although many of
them
continue to be developed today and hopefully well into the future.
Second, papers written after 1992 are much more readily
available
than those writen before due to the advent of the World Wide Web
and
its electronic preprint databases and journals. Finally, in
making
this collection of reprints available as hardcopy one is limited
in
the number of pages, and some papers in the present selection
should
have been deleted in order to make room for post-1993 papers. For
the
same reason the subject focus must of necessity be limited,
which
means that in this reprint collection two wide subject areas are
not
addressed: the behavior of nuclear matter under extreme
conditions
is not reported, nor is quark matter in neutron stars. The
broad
categories into which the material has been placed, reflect
the
diverse studies of quark-gluon plasma and its manifestation. They
are: phase-space models of particle production, perturbative
QCD
plasma, lattice gauge theory, fluid dynamics and flow, strangeness,
heavy flavor (charm), electromagnetic signals, parton cascade
and
minijets, parton energy loss and jet quenching, Hanbury
Brown--Twiss
(HBT) interferometry, disoriented chiral condensates, phase
transition dynamics and cosmology, and color superconductivity.
Each
chapter is prefaced by an introduction, which contains a list
of
significant papers which is more complete than the reprinted
papers,
though by no means exhaustive. It also contains citations to
most
relevant papers published up to the date of completion of this
volume
(fall 2002). It is hoped that the short reviews will help bring
the
reader up to date on the latest developments. The selection
of
papers cited in each chapter, and in particular the ones selected
for
reprinting, is solely the responsibility of the Editors. It is
based
on their best judgement and experience in this field dating back
to
the mid-1970s. In order to be reprinted a paper must have
been
pioneering in the sense of originality and impact on the
field.
Generally they have been cited over a hundred times by other
papers
published in refereed journals. The final selection was reviewed
and
discussed among the Editors repeatedly. Just because a paper is not
included does not mean they do not know of it or do not have a
high
regard for it. All of the papers cited or reprinted are
original
research contributions. There are three other types of
publications
listed. The first is a compilation of books. The second is a
list
of reviews, many of which contain a significant amount of original
material. The third is a list of the proceedings of the series
of
Quark Matter meetings, the primary series of international
conferences in this field that is attended by both theorists
and
experimentalists.
Genome- and proteome-based research is generating a significant
increase in the number of available drug targets. Correspondingly
there is an increasing need for novel, diverse compounds,
particularly based on natural compounds, as screening resource. The
purpose of the Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop 51 was
to provide a forum for an open exchange on perspectives and
limitations of biocombinatorial synthesis and the significance of
this technology for future drug discovery in light of this
challenge. Experts from academia and industry provided
contributions covering: the significance of natural compounds for
state-of-the-art drug discovery; the underlying basic principle for
the biosynthesis of highly complex compounds; and the scope and
limitations of combinatorial biosynthesis regarding formation,
identification, optimisation, isolation and manufacturing of novel
biologically active entities.
"JUNK FOOD COOKING AT IT'S FINEST'
Just throw a bunch of junk together and cook it NO SWEAT -- NO
FRET NO PAIN -- NO STRAIN Let the stove do the work for you
THIS BOOK SHOWSYOU HOW TO SERENADE YOUR SWEETIE WHILE COOKING
DINNER FOR HER AT THE SAME TIME
THE WAY TO A WOMAN'S HEART CAN BE THROUGH HER STOMACH!!!
QUICK EASY WAYS TO COOK GOOD MEALS EVEN IF YOU DON'T KNOW HOW TO
COOK
Written for bachelors by a bachelor The bachelor cook's motto "If
it's difficult -- Forget it and find another way to do it"
The fundamental goal of physics is an understanding of the forces
of nature in their simplest and most general terms. Yet there is
much more involved than just a basic set of equations which
eventually has to be solved when applied to specific problems. We
have learned in recent years that the structure of the ground state
of field theories (with which we are generally concerned) plays an
equally funda mental role as the equations of motion themselves.
Heisenberg was probably the first to recognize that the ground
state, the vacuum, could acquire certain prop erties (quantum
numbers) when he devised a theory of ferromagnetism. Since then,
many more such examples are known in solid state physics, e. g.
supercon ductivity, superfluidity, in fact all problems concerned
with phase transitions of many-body systems, which are often
summarized under the name synergetics. Inspired by the experimental
observation that also fundamental symmetries, such as parity or
chiral symmetry, may be violated in nature, it has become wide ly
accepted that the same field theory may be based on different
vacua. Practical ly all these different field phases have the
status of more or less hypothetical models, not (yet) directly
accessible to experiments. There is one magnificent ex ception and
this is the change of the ground state (vacuum) of the
electron-posi tron field in superstrong electric fields."
This book explores how identities, public spheres and collective
memories are being transformed in cross-border areas, contributing
to the broad sociological context of Europeanization. Offering case
studies on the German-Czech-Austrian, and Czech-Polish-German
borderlands, the book introduces original primary data on
cross-border cooperation. This data is interpreted using the
concept of active borders, which approaches borders as a source of
multicultural competence and cognitive capacity. In turn, the
authors argue that Europeans need to treat borders, both
territorial and symbolic, as specific cultural forms. Active
borders allow an unprecedented level of cross-border cooperation
and integration, and foster a better understanding of differences,
rather than re-embedding them or constructing others. Accordingly,
the authors contend that active borders promote more dynamic, open
and resilient societies, and represent crucial prerequisites for
the success of the European integration project.
Lithium ist in bestimmten Situationen ein ideales und in dieser
Weise einzigartiges Psychopharmakon. Wohl jeder erfahrene
Psychiater kennt schwer kranke Patienten mit bipolarer affektiver
Krankheit, die mit einer Lithiumprophylaxe auf Dauer symptomfrei
bleiben. Lithium wird aber trotz seiner exzellenten therapeutischen
Eigenschaften heute zu selten verordnet.
Die vollstandig uberarbeitete 2. Auflage dieses Buches gibt dem
Psychiater unter Berucksichtigung neuer Erkenntnisse einen konzisen
Uberblick zur Praxis der Lithiumtherapie bei bipolaren affektiven
Krankheiten und anderen psychiatrischen Lithiumindikationen.
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